EVM Chains
Chain Client
Example for Ethereum.
Observer And Signer
{{#embed https://gitlab.com/thorchain/thornode/-/blob/develop/bifrost/pkg/chainclients/ethereum/ethereum.go }}
Router
The EVM Bifrost is different to others in that it uses a router to handle deposits into and out of THORChain vaults. The Router is just a means for capturing token deposits and emitting memos.
The Router holds all ERC20s, but forwards ETH to the TSS vault. This allows the TSS Vault to call into the Router and pay gas to move token allowances to vaults.
Instead of paying ERC20s to vault addresses, an allowance to spend is given on the Router. The depositing user gives this allowance to the Asgard vault, which itself moves the allowance to each Ygg vault. Thus each Ygg vault can call into the Router to transfer out inside their allowances. This is a very gas-efficient way of achieving vault funding.
Additionally because of this, the Router is a permissionless contract with no special privileges (there is no owner).
The Router is necessary because the ERC20 standard has no "push" functionality, and no ability to attach native memos. The Router uses the transferFrom "pull" and emits an event with a memo string.
The V3 Router uses solidity .Send() to transfer ETH assets outbound. When an outbound ETH tx is sent to a contract, it must complete execution with only 2300 Gas. If the recipient runs out of Gas, the network still considers the payment sent. Developers of THORChain UI's should check recipient ETH addresses for the presence of code and warn users who may have complex fallback functions that their payment may not succeed, and they could lose funds. Geth eth.getCode("0xaddress") may be useful.
The Router does not accept deposits from Smart Contracts. Deposits from Smart Contracts are ignored.
Scanning Blocks
The block scanner monitors the Router events, and can create a witness transaction based on this event.
Confirmation Counting
Incomings are "conf-counted" by comparing their value with ETH (using THORChain pool pricing) and then delayed based on the ETH value of the deposits compared with the ETH block reward + fees.
ETH Cancellation Logic
ETH was found to have very dynamic gas fees, causing vaults to lock up. Since it does not have child-pays-for-parent, each node has tx cancellation logic which it invokes if it finds it has made gas that is still pending after 20 mins.
It does this by simply spending 0 ETH back to itself using the same nonce as the tx that is stuck, using the latest Gas prices.
Gas Fees and Limits
Each node will use up to 200k Gas to make an outbound tx (this covers most ERC20s), however the real cost is closer to 80k Gas units so the user is charged based on spending 80k (the fee they paid is deducted from the final transaction out).
Since it is really disruptive if a tx does not go thru (since it locks up vaults) the ETH Bifrost uses a gas fee which is 1.5x what the current "average" gas price is for a block. This puts the gas fees that TC uses close to "fastest" gas prices.
Re-orgs
The ETH chain re-orgs a lot, and TC is able to monitor and post re-org data to THORChain.